.: Arduino Tutorial #10 : MakerUno

Arduino Tutorial #10:

MakerUno - Making Tone

In our previous post, we have a look into controlling the onboard led. Today, we shall look into how we can make tone using the onboard piezo buzzer. For simple theory, the positive pin of the piezo buzzer is connected to Pin 8 and the ground pin is connected to the Ground. The image below illustrates the connection.

In our case, the buzzer is on board hence no need to worry on the connection part. Now let's move on to the coding part. We will make a Mario tone for this tutorial. Below is the code.

Mario Tone.

/*
  Arduino Mario Bros Tunes
  With Piezo Buzzer and PWM
  by: Dipto Pratyaksa
  last updated: 31/3/13
*/
#include "pitches.h"

#define melodyPin 3
//Mario main theme melody
int melody[] = {
  NOTE_E7, NOTE_E7, 0, NOTE_E7, 
  0, NOTE_C7, NOTE_E7, 0,
  NOTE_G7, 0, 0,  0,
  NOTE_G6, 0, 0, 0, 

  NOTE_C7, 0, 0, NOTE_G6, 
  0, 0, NOTE_E6, 0, 
  0, NOTE_A6, 0, NOTE_B6, 
  0, NOTE_AS6, NOTE_A6, 0, 

  NOTE_G6, NOTE_E7, NOTE_G7, 
  NOTE_A7, 0, NOTE_F7, NOTE_G7, 
  0, NOTE_E7, 0,NOTE_C7, 
  NOTE_D7, NOTE_B6, 0, 0,

  NOTE_C7, 0, 0, NOTE_G6, 
  0, 0, NOTE_E6, 0, 
  0, NOTE_A6, 0, NOTE_B6, 
  0, NOTE_AS6, NOTE_A6, 0, 

  NOTE_G6, NOTE_E7, NOTE_G7, 
  NOTE_A7, 0, NOTE_F7, NOTE_G7, 
  0, NOTE_E7, 0,NOTE_C7, 
  NOTE_D7, NOTE_B6, 0, 0
};
//Mario main them tempo
int tempo[] = {
  12, 12, 12, 12, 
  12, 12, 12, 12,
  12, 12, 12, 12,
  12, 12, 12, 12, 

  12, 12, 12, 12,
  12, 12, 12, 12, 
  12, 12, 12, 12, 
  12, 12, 12, 12, 

  9, 9, 9,
  12, 12, 12, 12,
  12, 12, 12, 12,
  12, 12, 12, 12,

  12, 12, 12, 12,
  12, 12, 12, 12,
  12, 12, 12, 12,
  12, 12, 12, 12,

  9, 9, 9,
  12, 12, 12, 12,
  12, 12, 12, 12,
  12, 12, 12, 12,
};

//


//Underworld melody
int underworld_melody[] = {
  NOTE_C4, NOTE_C5, NOTE_A3, NOTE_A4, 
  NOTE_AS3, NOTE_AS4, 0,
  0,
  NOTE_C4, NOTE_C5, NOTE_A3, NOTE_A4, 
  NOTE_AS3, NOTE_AS4, 0,
  0,
  NOTE_F3, NOTE_F4, NOTE_D3, NOTE_D4,
  NOTE_DS3, NOTE_DS4, 0,
  0,
  NOTE_F3, NOTE_F4, NOTE_D3, NOTE_D4,
  NOTE_DS3, NOTE_DS4, 0,
  0, NOTE_DS4, NOTE_CS4, NOTE_D4,
  NOTE_CS4, NOTE_DS4, 
  NOTE_DS4, NOTE_GS3,
  NOTE_G3, NOTE_CS4,
  NOTE_C4, NOTE_FS4,NOTE_F4, NOTE_E3, NOTE_AS4, NOTE_A4,
  NOTE_GS4, NOTE_DS4, NOTE_B3,
  NOTE_AS3, NOTE_A3, NOTE_GS3,
  0, 0, 0
};
//Underwolrd tempo
int underworld_tempo[] = {
  12, 12, 12, 12, 
  12, 12, 6,
  3,
  12, 12, 12, 12, 
  12, 12, 6,
  3,
  12, 12, 12, 12, 
  12, 12, 6,
  3,
  12, 12, 12, 12, 
  12, 12, 6,
  6, 18, 18, 18,
  6, 6,
  6, 6,
  6, 6,
  18, 18, 18,18, 18, 18,
  10, 10, 10,
  10, 10, 10,
  3, 3, 3
};

void setup(void)
{
   pinMode(8, OUTPUT);//buzzer
   pinMode(13, OUTPUT);//led indicator when singing a note

}
void loop()
{
//sing the tunes
  sing(1);
  sing(1);
  sing(2);
}
int song = 0;

void sing(int s){      
   // iterate over the notes of the melody:
   song = s;
   if(song==2){
     Serial.println(" 'Underworld Theme'");
     int size = sizeof(underworld_melody) / sizeof(int);
     for (int thisNote = 0; thisNote < size; thisNote++) {

       // to calculate the note duration, take one second
       // divided by the note type.
       //e.g. quarter note = 1000 / 4, eighth note = 1000/8, etc.
       int noteDuration = 1000/underworld_tempo[thisNote];

       buzz(melodyPin, underworld_melody[thisNote],noteDuration);

       // to distinguish the notes, set a minimum time between them.
       // the note's duration + 30% seems to work well:
       int pauseBetweenNotes = noteDuration * 1.30;
       delay(pauseBetweenNotes);

       // stop the tone playing:
       buzz(melodyPin, 0,noteDuration);

    }

   }else{

     Serial.println(" 'Mario Theme'");
     int size = sizeof(melody) / sizeof(int);
     for (int thisNote = 0; thisNote < size; thisNote++) {

       // to calculate the note duration, take one second
       // divided by the note type.
       //e.g. quarter note = 1000 / 4, eighth note = 1000/8, etc.
       int noteDuration = 1000/tempo[thisNote];

       buzz(melodyPin, melody[thisNote],noteDuration);

       // to distinguish the notes, set a minimum time between them.
       // the note's duration + 30% seems to work well:
       int pauseBetweenNotes = noteDuration * 1.30;
       delay(pauseBetweenNotes);

       // stop the tone playing:
       buzz(melodyPin, 0,noteDuration);

    }
  }
}

void buzz(int targetPin, long frequency, long length) {
  digitalWrite(13,HIGH);
  long delayValue = 1000000/frequency/2; // calculate the delay value between transitions
  //// 1 second's worth of microseconds, divided by the frequency, then split in half since
  //// there are two phases to each cycle
  long numCycles = frequency * length/ 1000; // calculate the number of cycles for proper timing
  //// multiply frequency, which is really cycles per second, by the number of seconds to 
  //// get the total number of cycles to produce
  for (long i=0; i < numCycles; i++){ // for the calculated length of time...
    digitalWrite(8,HIGH); // write the buzzer pin high to push out the diaphram
    delayMicroseconds(delayValue); // wait for the calculated delay value
    digitalWrite(8,LOW); // write the buzzer pin low to pull back the diaphram
    delayMicroseconds(delayValue); // wait again or the calculated delay value
  }
  digitalWrite(13,LOW);

}

The credit for this code goes to Dipto Pratyaksa

The led on pin 13 and 8 blinks according to the tone. And below is the tutorial video of this post. .

Thank you.

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Thursday 7 February 2019

Arduino Tutorial #10 : MakerUno - Making Tone

Arduino Tutorial #10:

MakerUno - Making Tone

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